Color meter



J. M. VOGEL Sept. 7 1926.

COLOR METER Filed March 1925 vs a, y

l264-56789IO u dmwmammm Patented Sept. 1, 1926. 1,593,899

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH I. VOGEL, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ASSIGNOR OI ONE-EAL! TO CARL S. I'LAUT, OF OAKLAND, CALIIOBNLA;

COLOR HELPER.

Application filed March 18, 1925. Serial 1T0. 16,418.

This invention relates to a .color meter for ing displayed for the reason that all direct. measuring or determining the chroma and opposite primary colors when mixeduntil 55 valueof a color.- neutralize will form black. ,For instance,

The invention consists of ajsystem of color 1 and 18,"which are yellow and violet re- 5 charts displaying the primary colors, shades, spectively, when mixed until neutralized, grays and tints thereof, each square of the produce black, the same result being obtained chart being separately colored with a mixed when any of the other direct opposite pri- 60 pigment, theimixture being different for mariesaremixed to neutrality. each one of the one hundred squares shown, According to this system the thirty-six the object'of the invention being to rovide colors are of one hundred percent intensity a simple color chart system where y the and purity and they are arranged 10 apart shades, grays or tints of any color may be on t e color circle. 'It might further be 85 readil determined; and furthermore, to stated that each' 'primary color according to providh a system or nomenclature whereby this system is so intense that the color sense.-

the color shade, gray or tint thereof may be tions represented by the refraction of the expressed numerlcally' so that a particular spectrum are found wanting in chroma and color, shade or tint required may be readily only colors of one hundred percent chromatic 7 transmitted orally or in writing to another tlnting stren h are 'used to represent the person without exhibiting a sample thereof. primaries. ach primary color when mixed 'One form which the co or system may aswith an opposite or complementary color same is illustrated in the accompanying produces s ades of the primary colors and drawings, in which- J neutral black,.depending upon the propor- Fig. 1 1s a diagrammatic view lllllStIEtlDF t1on of the mixtures. v p the color chart u on which the primary co The above admixtures mixed with white in an are displayeff a varymg proportions produce complete a- Fig. 2 is a-diagrammatlc view illustrating datlons' of tints and grays. Tints, in ct er a color chart which displays one primary words, are produced by mixing a rimary color, together with the shades, gra s and color w1th awhite. Shades are pro uced by tints thereof, the color displayed in t at nmlxmg two pposlte primaries, and grays 30 stance b i y ll are produced y mixing two opposite pri- Fi 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 dlsplaymaries and whites.- Tints and grays may ing 51o primary color violet, together with also be produced of varying intensity by the shades, grays and tints thereof. addlng more or less white.

The color chart system forming the sulgect By referrmg to the rimary color circle 35 matter of the .present application is base on shown in Fig.1, itwill noted that yellow the theory that there are thirty-six primary (1) forms the hghtest of the primary colors colors of a purity or intensity of one hunand 1S dlsposed at the top center of the color dred percent, and if it is desired to obtam a clrcle. Further, that 18, which is violet I pure or harmonious shade, gray or tint and the darkest colo 1n the circle, is disthereof, it can only be obtained by mlxing posed at the bottom t erect and directly optwo complementary or opposite primaries poslte the lightest yellow.l This combination' d hit orms the center centra axis of the color 5 To clearly ex lain the system, reference circle andrepresentsthelightest and darkest will first be mad; to Fig. 1. By referring colors. 9, representing red, is disposed on to this figure, it will be noted that thirty-sixv the horizontal axis of the circle, whileflY, primary colors are displayed in circular forrepresenting turquoise, is directly opposite mation and that'these' colors are numbered same. I from 1 to 36 respectively. There are four 4 The right hand side of the circle is known varieties of yellow and similarly four vaas the warm color side, while the left hand 'rieties of each of the followin colors, to-wit, side of the. circle is known as the cold color orange, red, purple violet, b ue, cyan, turside. quoise and green. it will also be noted that For the purpose of being able to displa 105 a center spot of black is illustrated, this be the. various shades, grays and tints of each hundred squares, numbered as illustrated, and the two color charts are preferably" placed on one sheet in alignment, as shown. The color square 100 on Fig. 3 represents violet 18, as this is the direct opposite primary of yellow. By mixing these two opposite primary colors and adding a certain proportion of white, a set of two hundred varia tions of two colors that can safely be combined and used as a correct color harmony is obtained. By adding white to the yellow primary shown at 100 in Fig. 2, a row of tints commencing at 100 and ending at 91 is obtained of the primary yellow, this row being displayed horizontally. By adding certain proportions of the direct opposite primary or violet, shades of the yellow primary are obtained and are displayed in the vertical row commencing at 100 and ending at 10. I

To produce tints and grays of anyofthe shades shown in the vertical row 100 to' 10, it is only necessary to add certain proportions of white, the darkest shades and black will thus be displayed in the upper right hand corner, the lightest tints and grays will be displayed on the left hand side, and the primary inthe lower left hand corner. What has been said of the yellow primary is true of the violet primary. Shades of the violet primary are obtained by mixing therewith a certain proportion of the yellow primary. The vertical row commencing' at 100 in Fig. 3 and ending at- 10 will hence display the darkest shades of the primary violet.

By adding white to the primary violet, the

tints thereof are obtained and are displayed in the horizontal line commencing at 100 and ending at 91, the tints of the shades being also displayed on the horizontal lines shown from 90 to 10 inclusive, the shades and tints closest to the primary being displayed in the upper right hand corner, the darkest shades and black in the lower left hand corner, and the lightest tints and grays on the left hand side.

From the foregoing it can be seen that the color charts employed in the present system first of all consist of'a sin lecolorchart, such as shown in Fig. 1, -Wl110h displays the thirty-six primary colors' A second series of color charts are then employed, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. These color charts display two opposit primaries, together with the shades, grays and, tints thereof, and as they are each divided into one hundred squares, it can readily be seen that one hundred variations of each primary will be displayed. There will be eighteen color charts, such as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, displayingall of the opposite primaries, shades, grays and tints thereof, and thirty-sixhundred distinct variations of color will thus be displayed on the several charts. The primary colors arranged in circular formation are ten degrees apart and the shades, grays and tints ofeach primary displayed on charts, such as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, are also ten degrees apart. The colors are thus displayed and arranged in a system which might be termed a metric system and for this reason lends itself to a nomenclature whereby any color, shade, gray or tint thereof may be denoted by numerals. For instance, if a purchaser should desire a primary yellow, he would merely ask for 1/100. If he should wish the lightest tint of yellow, 'he would ask for 1/91. If he should desire the darkest shade of yellow, which is pure black, he would ask for 1/10, etc. The first numeral indicates the primary color and the second numeral the shade, gray or tint thereof. -Hence, it is possible to use a nomenclature in which colors are indicated'by numerals and in which a particular color, shade, etc., may be readily transmitted orally or in writing to any person without exhibiting a sample thereof.

A s stem of this character may be employ by color-workers, advertising-men, nterior decorators, painters, architects, art ists and manufacturers, for expressing colors numerically and for determining color values.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1.' A system of displaying colors on charts which consists in dividing the chart into a plurality of sections, placing a pure color in one corner of the chart and varying said color horizontally in tints and vertically in shades of the selected color.

2. A system of displaying colors on charts which consists in dividing the chart into a plurality of adjacent sections arranged in a square, placing a primary color in one corner thereof, placing the tints of the color in horizontal alignment therewith, the shades of the color in perpendicular alignment, and the grays and darker shades of tints in parallelism with the first-named tints.

3. A system of displaying colors and a nomenclature therefor comprising a chart divided into a plurality of sections and said sections being arranged in a square, placing a primary color in one corner of the square and the shades, tints and grays thereof in the remaining sections of the square and in graduated order, and numbering the chart and the squares contained therein.

4. A system of displaying colors on charts in perpendicular alignment, and the grays which consists in lining the chart Vertically and darker shades of tints in parallelism and horizontally so as'to produce a square with the first-named tints, and arranging 10 consisting of one hundred sections, placing numerals along the hundred divisions of the a, primary colorin one corner of the chart, square.

. placing the tints of the colorfin horizontal alignment therewith, the shades of the color JOSEPH M. VOGEL. 

